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The “Quad God” by Bob Moores

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I’ve always enjoyed watching figure skating on TV. Though not a skater myself, I admire the artistry, technical precision, and personal qualities of the performers. There is drama. There is risk-taking. There is beauty. There is excitement, anticipation, and surprises in discovering the impossible that humans are somehow able to achieve.

In the technical category, one of the moves for many years thought to be impossible was the “Quad Axel” jump, a spin requiring four-and-a-half revolutions in the air before landing. The Quad Axel is the most difficult jump in figure skating, having a base value in the International Judging System (IJS) of 12.50 points, the highest of all jumps.

But reward is accompanied by risk. The IJS, using Grade of Execution (GOE) guidelines, deducts points for a poorly performed jump, so many young men (at present the “4A” is only achievable by men), who may be able to perform it in practice, will not chance it in competition.

Only one young man has ever performed the Quad Axel in competition. He is Ilia Malinin, a 20-year-old hailing from Vienna, Virginia. Malinin, the current world champion, won his third consecutive US title at the US Figure Skating Championships at Wichita, Kansas on Sunday, 26 January, 2025.

The Axel jump is named for the first man who performed it, Norwegian Axel Paulsen, in 1882. His was a single Axel of 1.5 revolutions. The first double Axel was performed by American Dick Button at the 1948 Olympic Winter Games. Button was also first to complete any sort of triple jump (triple Loop) in 1952. The first triple Axel was performed by Canadian Vern Taylor in the 1978 World Championships in Ottawa.

Forty-four years later, on 14 September 2022, Ilia Malinin performed the first Quad Axel jump in history at the US International Figure Skating Classic in Lake Placid, New York. His latest four-minute “free skate” at Wichita can be viewed at normal speed here.

Malinin’s Quad Axel is the second of the seven quad jumps he attempted. He fell on number four, a Loop jump. If you have trouble, like I do, of counting revolutions, you can view his earlier (Lake Placid) Quad Axel in slow motion here.

If you are watching the running score in the upper left corner of the screen, note that there is a delay of a few seconds from when the previous move was judged/recorded and what is currently being performed.

If seven quad jumps wasn’t enough, note that he finishes with a back flip which few skaters can do. Note also his breathing rate as he lies on the ice at the end.

There are moments in history when you realize you are watching the best that has ever been, a “Usain Bolt” moment. This was one of those.

 

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Butterflies are not just pretty by Angela Rieck

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Butterflies and moths, with their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, are more than just enchanting creatures flitting through our world. They play a pivotal role as pollinators, and are important for the reproduction of numerous flowering plants. Butterflies and moths are also a source of inspiration and research for scientists. PBS NOVA recently did a segment on the technological insights that we can gain from butterflies. The show inspired this column after I discovered that there is even more that we could learn from butterflies.

Butterflies or moths dart about for only three weeks to six months, depending on the species and environmental conditions. Despite their brief existence, butterflies offer important insights into the natural world’s intricacies. Science has explored the nanoscopic structure of butterflies’ and moths’ wings and antennae, uncovering secrets that can advance our own technology.

The best-known product from moths and butterflies is silk, produced by the Bombyx moth caterpillar, also referred to as a silkworm. Each caterpillar can spin up to a mile of silk fiber, which has long been a staple in the textile industry. 

Silk moth (Bombyx mori), reared in captivity.

However, silk’s utility extends beyond clothing. Scientists have identified two primary proteins in silk: fibroin and sericin. At Tufts University, researchers are looking at fibroin for potential medical applications. By dissolving the fibroin protein in water and subsequently removing the water, they can create a versatile substance that is either flexible for bandages or as hard as Kevlar for medical implants. This natural material does not trigger inflammatory responses, making it well-suited for medicine. Current research is exploring its use as surgical screws.

There is even more that we can learn from the Bombyx moth. The antenna of the male is so sensitive to scent that it can detect a female 6 miles away. Simulating the antenna’s nanostructure, scientists hope to be able to detect dangerous compounds (e.g., sarin) from a distance. Attached to drones, a sensilla structure (which is used by the moths to detect scents) could warn the general population of contaminants or dangerous chemicals from miles away.

There is even more. Scientists have also identified cocoonase, an enzyme in the Bombyx and other butterflies and moths that breaks down blood clots in the test tube. Like fibroin, it is compatible with human biology and could dissolve blood clots in the human body.

That is a lot for one species. But another species, the beloved male Blue Morpho butterfly is equally intriguing to scientists.

The iridescent blue wings of the male Blue Morpho butterflies have long fascinated people and scientists. The Blue Morpho does not use pigment to create its bright blue iridescent color on its wings. Rather than absorb and reflect certain light wavelengths as pigments and dyes do, their wings have a layered microstructure that causes light waves to hit the surface of the wing to diffract and interfere with each other so that certain color wavelengths cancel out while others, such as blue, are intensified and reflected. The Morpho’s colors are a structural color, reflecting only blue light due to the wings’ unique nanostructure. At the University of Rochester, researchers are studying this phenomenon to develop light-absorbing materials for solar panels. By mimicking the Morpho butterfly’s nanostructure, they can create an absolute black which will increase solar panel efficiency by 130%.

A technology known as plasmonic color display screen is made up of self-assembled nanostructures based on the Blue Morpho’s wing structure. These screens reflect light to create a more natural look and use less energy. The technology mimics the technique used by male Morpho butterflies to create color by scattering and reflecting light on the microstructures on their wings.

Another beautiful species can also contribute to solar technology. The Glass Wing butterfly has wings that are transparent without reflectivity. This is not currently available in transparent materials that we use, for example, glass has approximately a 10% reflectivity. Like the nanostructure of the Blue Morpho butterfly, the transparent wing nanostructure of the Glass Wing butterfly has significant implications for solar technology. By eliminating reflectivity, solar panels can absorb more light, improving their efficiency. 

The nanotechnology of the Glass Wing butterfly wing can also be used in cell phones, tablets, and other devices to eliminate glare.

At Caltech, scientists are also investigating the nanotechnology behind the Glass Wing butterfly’s transparency to create eye implants that monitor the progression of glaucoma.

Another butterfly can help us with the design of more efficient solar panels. The common cabbage white butterfly’s wing structure allows it to efficiently use the sun’s rays to warm its body. The configuration of the cabbage white wing can be combined with butterfly nanostructures to further improve the efficiency of solar panels.

All butterfly wings possess a natural ability to repel water, absorb heat, and control the flow of vapors. Scientists are looking into that nanostructure for other applications. A butterfly cannot survive with water on its wings, so its wings have a unique microstructure that repels water and cleans the wing. Understanding these nanostructure properties could have far-reaching technical applications, including the construction of ships with water-repellent surfaces and metals that “float.” This unique nanostructure also has applications in self-cleaning surfaces, protective clothing, and sensors.

Another special butterfly is the Green Hairstreak butterfly, which is native to areas from the UK to Siberia. The Green Hairstreak’s wing has one important difference from other butterflies. Its nanostructure forms a unique optical material. This structure allows the splitting of circular polarized light and can be used in telecommunications for developing integrated photonic circuits for optical communications, imaging, computing and sensing.

Wow.

From medical applications to solar energy advancements to non-glare screens, butterflies can guide us toward a future where technology takes advantage of the evolution of the natural world. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of butterflies, we enhance our own technological capabilities, and deepen our appreciation of these beautiful insects.


Angela Rieck, a Caroline County native, received her PhD in Mathematical Psychology from the University of Maryland and worked as a scientist at Bell Labs, and other high-tech companies in New Jersey before retiring as a corporate executive. Angela and her dogs divide their time between St Michaels and Key West Florida. Her daughter lives and works in New York City.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

Happy Birthday By Jamie Kirkpatrick

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Today is my ninth birthday. OK; so I’m not counting in human years, not even dog years. No; today marks the beginning of my ninth year as a columnist in this space—that’s 417 consecutive weeks of Musings, thank you very much. I’m not bragging, you understand, just multiplying. Since that first Tuesday back in February of 2016, my wife and I have added four more grandkids to the roster—now, that is bragging even though I had nothing to do with it. It’s also a good reminder that some things are more important than deadlines, but don’t tell a writer that.

I call these Musings my happy discipline. The very first one was called “Geese Not Groundhogs” or something close to that. It came to me when I heard what sounded like a traffic jam in the sky. I looked up and saw an enormous V of geese heading north. It occurred to me that those northbound geese were much better prognosticators of spring’s annual arrival than some groggy groundhog up in Punxsutawney, PA who never knew whether to get up or go back to sleep. So I wrote a story, sent it off to the Spy’s worthy Publisher who, to my surprise and delight, ran it as the lead article in this very space the following Tuesday. That was the very first Museday and I’ve been coming back ever since.

A writer’s life is not easy; just ask my wife. On many a morning when it’s still dark, she mumbles, “Where are you going?” as I rise as quietly as I can and head downstairs to my designated writing space in the living room. “I have an idea,” I tell her as she rolls over and goes back to sleep. On a few occasions, if I’m lucky, I’m able to get back into bed before she even realizes I was gone. I like that.

Now, in full transparency and shameless self-promotion, I confess this is not my only writing gig. In these past nine years, I’ve produced two compilations of essays, two novels (both historical fiction), a couple of short stories, a novella, and a children’s book (also a song) with lovely illustrations by a talented local artist and friend. And while I’m hesitant to say this publicly, I’m well along in my third novel, the culmination of a trilogy centering on the fictitious life of Declan Shaw, an Irish journalist who has been witness to many of the important events of the last century. (Here, my wife, who is also my Vice President of Marketing, insists that I insert a line stating that all these offerings are available on Amazon, as well as in many fine local bookstores. Well, not the novella; I’m still trying to decide what to do with that.)

Writers know a critical truth: writers need readers. One of my favorite parts of producing these weekly Musings is when I get to read comments from readers. They are almost always generous—almost always—and I am very grateful when people take the time to offer an opinion, gently point out an error, or simply say “thank you.”  I hope you realize it is I who should be thanking you for being a good listener and faithful reader. You are the fuel that runs this old jalopy…such as it is.

And while I’m at it, I want to express my thanks to other links in the chain: publishers and editors; proofreaders and book designers; independent booksellers and cheerleaders. You know who you are. And if anyone should happen to know a good agent who is in search of new (old) talent, please let me know.

I’ll be right back,

Jamie Kirkpatrick is a writer and photographer who lives in Chestertown. His work has appeared in the Washington Post, the Baltimore Sun, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, the Washington College Alumni Magazine, and American Cowboy Magazine. His most recent novel, “The Tales of Bismuth; Dispatches from Palestine, 1945-1948” explores the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict. It is available on Amazon and in local bookstores.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.